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The most common cause of foot pain is wearing ill fitting shoes. Women often wear tight shoes that are narrow and constrictive, and thus are most prone to foot problems. Tight shoes often cause overcrowding of toes and result in a variety of structural defects. The next most common cause of feet disease is overuse or traumatic injuries.

Injuries such as ligament sprains, muscle strains, bruises, and fractures typically occur suddenly (acutely). Sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures may be the result of a single or combination of stresses to the foot. A sprain of the foot or ankle occurs when ligaments that hold the bones together are overstretched and the fibers tear. The looseness or tightness of ligaments in the joints of the foot may be a factor in foot pain.

The muscle’s bursa and fascia of the foot can be strained by overstretching, overuse, overloading, bruising, or being cut such as in stepping on a sharp object. Achilles tendonitis is a common muscle injury of the tendon that attaches at the back of the heel.

Injury to the bones and joints of the foot can be caused by a single blow or twist to the foot, or also by repetitive trauma that can result in a stress fracture. A blunt-force injury such as someone stepping on your foot may result not only in a bruise (contusion) injury but also damage to the primary and secondary structures (muscles and ligaments) of the foot. Direct blows to the foot can cause bruising, breaking of the skin, or even fracturing of bones. Metarsalgia is the irritation of the joints of the foot. An example of metarsalgia is “turf toe,” a common athletic injury in which the tendon under the joint at the base of the big toe is strained. Trauma to the toenail can cause pooling of blood under the nail and the temporary or permanent loss of a toenail. Repetitive trauma to the bones, muscles, and ligaments can result in extra bone growth known as spurs or exostosis.

Injuries to both the skin covering and the internal structures may also be caused by multiple small repetitive traumas. Micro-trauma injuries can be caused by running on uneven surfaces, surfaces that are too hard or too soft, or shoes that have poor force-absorption qualities or fit incorrectly. Repeated overstressing of the same structure of the foot may cause stress fractures, tendonitis, plantar fasciitis, and acute and chronic osteoarthritis.

1.High-Impact Exercise:High-impact exercising, such as jogging or strenuous aerobics, can injure the feet and other parts of the leg. Common injuries include corns, calluses, blisters, muscle cramps, acute knee and ankle injuries, plantar fasciitis, and metatarsalgia.

2.Certain Medical Conditions:Any medical condition that causes a disturbance in the way a person walks can contribute to foot pain. This may include diseases or conditions that lead to pain or numbness in the feet (such as diabetes), leg and foot deformities, spinal problems, and neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or cerebral palsy.

3.Heel-fitting Shoes:Poorly fitting shoes are a frequent cause of foot pain. High-heeled shoes concentrate pressure on the toes and can aggravate, if not cause, problems with the toes.

Foot pain can stem from numerous causes. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, almost all causes of foot pain can be grouped into three categories: ill-fitting shoes, high-impact exercise and certain medical conditions. Most foot pain can be managed conservatively without drugs or surgery. In many cases, especially foot pain caused by inappropriate footwear, pain resolves when the foot is returned to its normal anatomical position and allowed to function like a bare foot inside the shoe.

1.Over-pronation: rolling inwards of the foot and flattening of the arches (over-pronation) is a major contributing factor to foot pain.

2.Weight gain: being overweight puts added stress on the feet and can lead to foot pain or ankle injuries

3.Sports and Dancing: especially heel pain, shin splints, and knee pain can increase with sports, running or dancing.

4.Pregnancy: pregnant women have an increased risk of foot pain problems due to weight gain, swelling in their feet and ankles, and the release of certain hormones that cause ligaments to relax.

5.Occupational Risk Factors: people who are on their feet all day because of work are very likely to suffer from some type of foot pain or discomfort.

6.Gender: Women are at higher risk than men for severe foot pain, most likely because of high-heeled shoes. Severe foot pain appears to be a major cause of general disability in older women.

7.Age: as we age, our feet widen and flatten, plus the fat padding on the sole of the foot wears down. The skin on our feet also becomes dryer. Foot pain in older people may be the first sign of arthritis, diabetes, and circulatory disease.