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Bacterial infection is the main cause of Tooth Decay in children. Bacteria generally reside on the surface of teeth and they get nourishment from the foods and drinks which are taken. These bacteria produce some acids that can affect the coating of the teeth which is known as enamel. Enamel is the protective belt of
teeth that prevent it from possible harms.

As these bacteria harm enamel, tooth decay is inevitable. This can be triggered taking sweet drinks and foods. If a child does not brush his teeth regularly, there is a great chance that he will suffer from dental decay in near future. The center of teeth can be infected by this disease and if it happens, acute toothache or infection may occur.

Tooth decay is generally the after effect of bacterial invasion. These harmful bacteria throve on the plaque, the sticky while film like substance that gets accumulated on the tooth surface.The starch and sugar in the person’s food serve as breeding ground of these bacteria. The acid created by these bacteria leads to the complete destruction of the tooth enamel.Studies indicate that tooth decay is an extremely common health menace, second only to common cold in frequency of occurrence.Al of us is likely to develop tooth cavities. But, people who expose their teeth to more sweets and pay less attention to clean it are at increased risk. The use of un fluoridated water also makes a person’s teeth more prone to decay.

Tooth decay is more common among smaller babies. If a baby is provided with a bottle of some or other sweet liquid such as juice or milk before going to bed, it is extremely important to ensure that his teeth are properly brushed before putting him to sleep. Likewise, ensure that the kid cleanses his mouth if his pacifier is soaked in sweeteners such as sugar or honey.If not properly cleaned, bacteria are likely to develop on the baby’s teeth and will ultimately lead to its destruction.Decay will slowly penetrate deep into the center of the tooth, the pulp. In that case, the inner tooth gets inflamed and severe ache is certain.

The mouth contains a wide variety of oral bacteria, but only a few specific species of bacteria are believed to cause dental caries: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli among them. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces viscosus, Nocardia spp., and Streptococcus mutans are most closely associated with caries, particularly root caries. Bacteria collect around the teeth and gums in a sticky, creamy-coloured mass called plaque, which serves as a biofilm. Some sites collect plaque more commonly than others. The grooves on the biting surfaces of molar and premolar teeth provide microscopic retention, as does the point of contact between teeth. Plaque may also collect along the gingiva.

There are four main criteria required for caries formation: a tooth surface (enamel or dentin); caries-causing bacteria; fermentable carbohydrates (such as sucrose); and time. The caries process does not have an inevitable outcome, and different individuals will be susceptible to different degrees depending on the shape of their teeth, oral hygiene habits, and the buffering capacity of their saliva. Dental caries can occur on any surface of a tooth which is exposed to the oral cavity, but not the structures which are retained within the bone.

There are certain diseases and disorders affecting teeth which may leave an individual at a greater risk for caries. Amelogenesis imperfecta, which occurs between 1 in 718 and 1 in 14,000 individuals, is a disease in which the enamel does not fully form or forms in insufficient amounts and can fall off a tooth. In both cases, teeth may be left more vulnerable to decay because the enamel is not able to protect the tooth.

In most people, disorders or diseases affecting teeth are not the primary cause of dental caries. Ninety-six percent of tooth enamel is composed of minerals. These minerals, especially hydroxyapatite, will become soluble when exposed to acidic environments. Enamel begins to demineralize at a pH of 5.5. Dentin and cementum are more susceptible to caries than enamel because they have lower mineral content. Thus, when root surfaces of teeth are exposed from gingival recession or periodontal disease, caries can develop more readily. Even in a healthy oral environment, however, the tooth is susceptible to dental caries.

The anatomy of teeth may affect the likelihood of caries formation. Where the deep grooves of teeth are more numerous and exaggerated, pit and fissure caries are more likely to develop. Also, caries are more likely to develop when food is trapped between teeth.

Firstly, one needs to analyze in expressions of an incisor being a rigid calcified object. Teeth have nerves inside with its tissue being soft, but the tooth’s surface (where dental rot starts) erupts from kinds of tissues which are highly rich in mineral content called enamel and dentin. A disdain of a tooth radiograph clearly describes where the dentin and enamel regions of incisions are positioned.

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