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Prevention of arrhythmias arising at the onset of ischemia and reperfusion is important because if untreated, they result in sudden cardiac death. Animals supplemented with fish oils in their diet developed little or no ventricular fibrillation after ischemia was induced. Similar effects have also been observed in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. Several mechanisms have been proposed and studied to explain the antiarrhythmic effects of fish oil polyunsaturated fatty acids, but to date, no definite mechanism has been validated.

The sequence of action of these mechanisms and whether more than one mechanism is involved is also not clear. Some of the mechanisms suggested to explain the antiarrhythmic action of fish oils include the incorporation and modification of cell membrane structure by polyunsaturated fatty acids, their direct effect on calcium channels and cardiomyocytes and their role in eicosanoid metabolism. Other mechanisms that are currently being investigated include the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell signalling mediated through phosphoinositides and their effect on various enzymes and receptors.

Making healthy lifestyle choices. Living a “heart healthy” life is the best way to decrease the chances of developing heart disorders. Exercising regularly and eating a healthy, low-fat diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, and other vitamin-rich foods are the cornerstones of “heart healthy” living.
Maintaining a healthy weight.

Having regular physical exams and promptly reporting any unusual symptoms to a physician. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that families with a history of arrhythmias or sudden cardiac arrest consider screening younger family members.

Seeking treatment for underlying health problems that may contribute to arrhythmias and heart disease.

Avoiding unnecessary stress, such as anger, anxiety or fear, and finding ways to manage or control stressful situations that cannot be avoided.

Avoiding or limiting the intake of caffeine, alcohol, and other substances that may contribute to arrhythmias or heart disease.

Stopping smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke. Tobacco contributes to as much as one-third of all cardiovascular disease.

Nutrient Deficiencies:The only way to determine if the arrhythmia (palpitations, fast heart beat) are caused by a nutrient deficiency (omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B1), is to have a blood test. Once confirmed, then the only way to prevent this is to eat more foods rich in these nutrients and/or use some supplements (as advised).

Anxiety and Stress:Recent studies suggest that intense emotions, anxiety, grief, depression and chronic stress may be associated with arrhythmia, even without any underlying heart disease. There are a number of relaxation strategies that can be used to reduce depression, intense emotions, anxiety and/or stress so that the abnormal heart beats are at least abated or do not happen at all. Some good relaxation strategies are: meditation, tai chi, yoga, visualisation.

Under-Active Thyroid:People who have an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) are often prescribed medication to increase the function of the thyroid. One of the side effects of this medication is to increase heart rate as the thyroid gland starts to function more. People with this problem should consult their doctor to determine if they can reduce their dosage, or take a different type of medication to reduce the arrhythmia symptoms.

Overactive Thyroid:People who have an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) often also experience a fast heart rate due to their condition. This is not preventable as it is part of the thyroid disorder. The only way people with hyperthyroidism can reduce their heart rate to become more normal is through the medications they are prescribed for their condition, which reduces the action of their thyroid gland to become somewhat more normal

Congenital Disorder:The long QT syndrome arrhythmia is most often caused by a congenital (inherited) heart condition, which a person is born with, so it is probably not possible to prevent this type of arrhythmia.

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