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The most effective coronary heart disease treatment plan includes a multifaceted approach that includes regular medical monitoring and testing, lifestyle and dietary changes, and may include medications and surgery. Prognosis and outcomes of coronary heart disease vary greatly depending on how quickly it was diagnosed and treated, coexisting diseases, lifestyle and other factors.

The first step in treatment of coronary heart disease includes the same measures that are recommended for the prevention of the disease. These include regular exercise, not smoking or drinking excessively, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a heart-healthy well-balanced diet. Risk factors, such as high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension can be prevented or controlled through these lifestyle changes, regular medical care and/or medication.

Although Coronary Artery Disease can be a life-threatening condition, the outcome of the disease is in many ways up to the patient. Damage to the arteries can be slowed or halted with lifestyle changes, medication or surgical procedures, as listed below:

Lifestyle changes

Lifestyle changes that may be useful in coronary disease include.

1.Healthy diet. A healthy diet would include the reduction of animal based foods and an increase in plant based foods.
2.Exercise
3.Smoking cessation
4.Weight control

Medications to treat coronary disease

1.Aspirin
2.Calcium channel blockers
3.ACE inhibitors, which treat hypertension and may lower the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction
4.Cholesterol lowering medications, such as statins, are useful to decrease the amount of “bad” (LDL) 5.cholesterol.
6.Nitroglycerin

Surgical intervention

1.Coronary artery bypass
2.Heart Transplant
3.Stents
4.Angioplasty

Surgical Treatment:Invasive surgical methods for treating Coronary Artery Disease are required in cases where the left main coronary is blocked, multiple arteries are effected, the left ventricle of the heart is not functioning properly or with debilitating angina.

There are two types of procedures recommended for Coronary Artery Disease: coronary artery bypass and coronary angioplasty (also called percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty – PTCA).Coronary artery bypass surgery involves opening up the chest area and leg area and taking a short length of vein (usually from the thigh or lower leg) and using it to allow blood to bypass the blockage in a coronary artery.

Coronary angioplasty involves insertion of a hollow, flexible tube (called a guide catheter) into a leg or arm artery whereby, with the use of x-ray image, the doctor guides the catheter into the narrowed coronary artery. A small catheter, with a balloon on the tip, is then inserted inside the guide catheter. When this catheter reaches the narrowed area, the balloon is inflated to reopen the artery.

Newer methods, similar to angioplasty, are being used. Using a tiny rotating blade, lasers, or stents to reopen the narrowed arteries have been successful. A stent is a hollow tube made of metal mesh inserted during angioplasty and left in to keep the blood vessel open after the procedure. There are new types of stents, called drug-eluting stents, that are coated with drugs (immunosuppressants) that are slowly released and help keep the blood vessel from reclosing. These new stents, a sirolimus-eluting stent and a paclitaxel-eluting stent, have shown some promise for improving the long-term success of this procedure.

Laser surgery:Laser surgery is a technique that creates channels in the heart to allow blood to flow more easily. Using a catheter (thin wire) with a laser attached, the surgeon makes lots of tiny holes in your heart muscle. The holes encourage new blood vessels to grow in the diseased heart muscle. This procedure is sometimes carried out on its own, or in conjunction with coronary bypass surgery.

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